Chapter 18

Chapter 18 is a chapter I found actually helpful to me. IT goes over the concept of understand design principles, a concept I had not heard of before reading this chapter.  Basically from what I could gather, a design principle is what you base the design of your paper on. The chapter starts of by going over the way to effectively use design. The chapter dose so by first explain how to understand design principles. To understand design principles you first need a balance in-between the exact measurements of your paper, this details how to use the different directional placement of different elements of your paper such as images. A good design will promote a easy reading and acceptance from the images, while a unbalanced design has the reader looking all over the paper. Next, to understand design principles you need to have a emphasis of the formation of your different items. These come in the form of headings and footings. This is so you can get your readers attention while they read your document. After this is placement which is pretty straight forward. Good placement follows along the lines of easy reading that is not hard on the reader, and bad placement causes sporadic eye searching and can take away from the paper. After this is repetition, with good repetition your reader will see where they are in your paper and at the same time will be able to better understand why you repeated certain items in your paper. Lastly, to understand design principles you need consistency. Consistency helps the reader’s better understand why you chose certain items to use throughout your paper. After this the chapter turns into a diagram of what good design principles look like, and how they can effectively be used.

chapter 15

Chapter 15 does a masterful job at going over how to use a source usefully and correctly already knew most of what was in this chapter but for a new person to writing this chapter would be an excellent staring point. First the chapter details how to use a source to help achieve your end goal as a writer. The chapter does so by explain how you can put a source into 7 categories, quotations, phrases, summaries, numerical information, images, video, and animations. And the chapter goes over how to integrate your source into your counter argument, which is very important.  The chapter then tells you how to fit a source in the format you choose, into your argument. The chapter explains how you can use these to help present your main idea, set your mod, give an example, and give your point out. Next the chapter details how to mix a source into your drafts. This [art mainly goes over how to cite each different type of source, and how to summarize them. And lastly the chapter explains how to document your sources through choosing systems such as MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE. Then checking your source, explain ideas, and how to provide text.  

cHAPTER 12

Chapter 12 is about your argument and how to make one, how to support it, and how you can make it credible. The book runs you through a step by step proses on how to develop your argument first. Step one is all about choosing your reason/ topic for your argument. In this you show reason for your argument. These reason’s should focus your topic, be informative to the reader, be straight forward if deemed necessary, provide what the book calls “Reasonable judgment”, and a list of reasons  to go with your argument showing why you chose your argument in the first place. Step 2 find evidence to support your argument. This is straight forward find factual information to back your claims up so you don’t look like a crazy mad crazy person with no evidence, this makes you look stupid. Step three find ways to appeal to your readers. In other words don’t present things or arguments to your audience that has nothing to do with your audience. This avoids mad crowds or getting laughed at from the crowed. Think of it as going to an IV league college such as Stanford and delivering a speech about the “Thug Life” in front of all of the professors. They will just laugh at you or sit in silence judging you, which they do any ways. Now we move to how to show integrity in your argument. This goes with finding good data, if you find faulty data that just gets you off track of your argument, the argument will be considered invalid and all of your hard work will be for nothing. Next don’t go on discrediting people just because, this is not only wrong, but it makes you look ignorant and in the case where you are wrong and they are right, now you just look like an idiot. Finally don’t use irrelevant data, this can discredit your argument making it invalid. The book goes on about looking for fallacy’s and not to integrate them into your argument. For a more in-depth understanding on chapter 12 consult the book. Have a nice day.